From kuwn; properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles) -- + after that (this, -ward, -wards), as... As, + (for-)asmuch as yet, + be (for which) cause, + following, howbeit, in (the) like (manner, -wise), X the more, right, (even) so, state, straightway, such (thing), surely, + there (where)-fore, this, thus, true, well, X you.
see HEBREW kuwn
H3651. ken
I. כֵּן adjective right, veritable, honest (properly firm, upright; Syriac recte PS1662) — absolute כֵּן Exodus 10:29 + (on possibly construct see
2 near the end); plural כֵּנִים Genesis 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34; —
1 right, usually indecl., often as substantive a right thing, especially with vbb. dicendi Exodus 10:29 (J) דִּבַּרְתָּ כֵּן, Numbers 27:7 דֹּבְרֹת כֵּן, 36:5 (both P); יַאֲרִיךְ כֵּן Proverbs 28:2 (the) right (i.e. order and justice) shall last long (see De Now VB); = adverb aright, of pronunciation Judges 12:6; also with verb agendi Ecclesiastes 8:10 (on Isaiah 33:23 see III. כֵּן below כנן); right well Psalm 65:10; (Che; al. = so); with לֹא, as adjective, not right לֹאכֵֿן אֲשֶׁר דְּבָרִים 2 Kings 17:9 things which were not right (verb agendi); of heart of a fool Proverbs 15:7; Jeremiah 23:10; as substantive = what is not right, upright 8:6; with verb agendi לֹאכֵֿן 2 Kings 7:9 that which is not right we are doing, Jeremiah 48:30 b.
2 veritable, true, כֵּןצְֿדָקָה Proverbs 11:19 the veritable of righteousness = true righteousness; Isaiah 16:6 = Jeremiah 48:30 a may be either their boastings are not true or (Thes Che Di Du Gr Gie and others) the untruth of their boastings (לֹאכֵֿן as compound construct); absolute, in assent to something already said, Right! Correct! True! Joshua 2:4.
3 plural concrete honest (men) Genesis 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34 (all E). — II. כֵּן thus, so, see below; III. כֵּן place, base, see below כנן; IV. [כֵּן], כִּנָּם כִּנִּם,, see below כנן.
I. כֵּן adverb so (PH. Late Hebrew ᵑ7 id.; Syriac is then, Arabic , , but: probably from the demonstrative √ ka, found in כִּי etc., Köii. 1, 254); (הִיא) כֶּןהֿוּא Genesis 44:10 4t.: — so (i.e. usually, as has been described or commanded, with reference to what has preceded), mostly of manner, but sometimes also of quantity, quality, or degree:
1. a. Judges 5:31 יאבדו כן so perish thy enemies, Job 5:27 הִיאכֶּןֿ, 8:13 אל שׁכחי כל ארחות כן, Proverbs 6:29; 8:13; 2 Samuel 16:23; Isaiah 36:6; 47:15 לך היו כן, Numbers 13:33 בעיניהם היינו וכן; 9:16 תמיד יהיה כָן Exodus 10:14 (twice in verse) וג ארבה׳כמהו כן היה לא (i. e. in such numbers), 1 Kings 10:12 בא לא אלמגים עצי כן, 10:20; 2 Chronicles 1:12 (twice in verse), Judges 21:14 מצאו כןולא להם and they did not suffice for them so (namely in such numbers of them as there were); 1 Kings 6:26 השׁני הכרוב וכן, Ezekiel 41:7; ל ׳וכן Exodus 27:11; 1 Kings 10:29; Ezekiel 40:16; 2 Chronicles 35:12, compare 1 Chronicles 23:30; ל ׳כן Exodus 25:33 (compare 26:24), Joshua 21:40.
b. the force of כֵּן has sometimes to be elicited from the context : 1 Kings 2:7 אלי קרבו כן כי (that is, with kindness such as that enjoined in va), 20:40 משׁפטך כן, Jeremiah 14:10 אהבו לנועכן (i.e. not less than ׳י has withdrawn from them 14:9, Gf Ke; Gie proposes אָכֵן), Psalm 61:9 אֲזַמְּרָה שִׁמְךָכֵּן (Hi כְּצִדְקְךָ, implied in 14:6-8), Psalm 63:3 בַּקֹּדֶשׁ חֲזִיתִךָכֵּן (that is, with the longings of 63:2), 63:5 בְחַיָּיכֵּן אֲבָרֶכְךָ (that is חַסְדְּךָ כְּרֹב 63:4), 65:10 תְּכִינֶהָ כֵן כִּי (i.e. so Generously, 65:10), 90:12 הוֺדַע כֵּן יָמֵינוּ לִמְנוֺת (Hi י ׳כְּיִרְאַת 90:11), 127:2 שֵׁנָא לִידִידוֺ יִתֵּן כֵּן (that is, as abundantly; but Che אָכֵן), Proverbs 24:14 (see 24:13), Isaiah 52:14 מַרְאֵהוּ מֵאִישׁ מִשְׁחַת כֵּן (sufficiently to justify רבים עליך שׁממו).
c. כן occurs frequently in particular phrases, as (a) with הָיָה, especially כן ויהי and it was so Genesis 1:7, 9, 11 +, 2 Kings 2:10 if thou seest me taken from thee כן יהילֿך let it be to thee so (that is, as thou desirest), 7:20, with עשׂה (especially וַיַּעֲשׂוּ וַיַּעַשׂ,) Genesis 29:28; 42:20; 45:21 + often, Judges 7:16 תִּרְאוּ תַּעֲשׂוּמִמֶּנִּי וְכֵן, + ׳ל Genesis 42:25 כן להם ויעשׂ, Exodus 22:29; 23:11 ל תעשׂה ׳כן, Deuteronomy 22:3; 2 Samuel 12:31; 1 Kings 11:8 (compare 6:33; 7:18); Genesis 29:26 במקומנו כן יֵעָשֶׂה לא, 34:7; 2 Samuel 13:12; rarer usages, כֵּן דִּבֶּר Exodus 6:9, כן אמר 1 Kings 22:8, אמרתם כֵּן Ezekiel 11:5; 33:10, י יאֹמַר כֵּן ׳אָמֵן 1 Kings 1:36 (compare Jeremiah 28:6), כֵּן יֹדֵעַ אבי שׁאול וגם 1 Samuel 23:17; כֵּן אָהֵב (idiomatic) to love (it) so, Jeremiah 5:31; Amos 4:5; (b) Genesis 50:3 כן כי החנֻטים ימי ימלאו (compare Judges 14:10; 2 Samuel 13:18; Esther 2:12); (c) alone, כֵּן אִם if it be so Genesis 25:22; 43:11; כִּיכֵֿןוַיִּרְאוּ 1 Samuel 5:7, כִּיכֵֿן יָדַעְתִּי Job 9:2; (d) כן לא not so (namely as has been described or implied), with a substantive Numbers 12:7 משׁה עבדי כן לא, 2 Samuel 20:21; 23:5; Psalm 1:4; Job 9:35b עמדי אנכי כילֿאכֿן not so am I with myself (i.e. I am not conscious of being one who would fear him, va), with a verb Deuteronomy 18:14 י לך נתן כן ׳לא ואתה (not so, — namely as implied in va), 2 Samuel 18:14; Isaiah 10:7 יחשׁב כן לא יְדַמֶּה, כן לא, absolute Genesis 48:18 אבי כן לא, Exodus 10:11.
2 Often, to emphasize the agreement, in answer to כְּ, and כַּאֲשֶׁר: namely
a. כֵּן ֗֗֗ כְּ, (a) Genesis 44:10 = Joshua 2:21 כֶּןהֿוּא כדבריכם according to your words, so be it, 1 Samuel 25:25 כֶּןהֿוּא כשׁמו כי, Psalm 48:11; Proverbs 23:7 כֶּןהֿוּא (after conjunction כְּמוֺ), Ezekiel 42:11 רָחְבָּן כֵּן כְּאָרְכָּן; (b) Leviticus 27:12 יִהְיֶה כֵּן כְּעֶרְכְּךָ, 2 Samuel 13:35; Numbers 8:4; 9:14; 15:20; Deuteronomy 8:20; Judges 11:10, so after כְּפִי Numbers 6:21; (c) ֗֗֗ כֵּן ֗֗֗ כְּכֹל 1 Samuel 8:8; 2 Samuel 7:17; Jeremiah 42:5; (d) in similes, (a) 2 Samuel 14:17 הא המלךכמלאך ׳אדני כן, Jeremiah 18:6; Psalm 123:2; 127:4; Proverbs 10:26; 26:8, 19; 27:8, 19; Song of Solomon 2:2-3, (β) Joel 2:4 יְרוּצוּן כֵּן כְּפָרָשִׁים, Isaiah 31:5; 38:14; Psalm 103:15; Proverbs 26:1-2, (γ) Psalm 42:2 וג כן׳נפשׁי ֗֗֗ תערג כאיל like the hind which etc., 83:16; Isaiah 61:11; 63:14; Job 7:3, so after כמו Isaiah 26:17; (δ) Jeremiah 2:26 הוֺבִישׁוּכְּבשֶׁת כֵּן ֗֗֗ גַּנָּב, 6:7; 34:5 (read כְּמשׂרפות), Ezekiel 22:22 (compare 22:20), 23:44; 34:12; compare (of degree) 35:15 (omitted by ᵐ5 Co), Hosea 4:7 לִי חָָֽטְאוּ כֵּן כְּרֻבָּם. Of time (un-common) 1 Samuel 9:13 אֹתוֺ תִּמְצְאוּן כֵּן הָעִיר כְּבֹאֲכֶם.
b. Ezra 10:12 לעשׂות עלינו כדבריך כן.
c. כַּאֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ כֵּן ֗֗֗, (a) Exodus 7:6 י צוה ׳כאשׁר עשׂו כן, 12:28, 50; 39:43 (compare 27:8), Numbers 8:22 (compare 5:4), Numbers 17:26; 36:10; Joshua 14:5 (all P); Genesis 41:13 היה כן פתר כאשׁר, Joshua 10:1, 39; 11:15; Judges 1:7; 15:11b Psalm 48:9; (b) (frequently) Numbers 2:17 יַחֲנוּ יִסָּ֑עוּכאשׁר כֵּן, Exodus 1:12 (of degree = the more . . . the more) יִפְרֹץ וְכֵן יִרְבֶּה כֵּן אֹתוֺ יְעַנּוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר; (c) Genesis 6:22 עשׂהככל כן אלהים אתו צוה אשׁר, Exodus 39:32, 42; 40:16; Numbers 1:54; 2:34; 8:20; 9:5 (all P), compare Exodus 25:9 (וְכֵן), simil. 2 Samuel 9:11; 2 Kings 16:11, compare Joshua 1:17; Jeremiah 42:20; (d) Exodus 27:8 יעשׂוכאשׁר כן אתך הֶרְאָה, 2 Samuel 16:19; 1 Kings 2:38; Isaiah 20:4; 52:14f.; with the same verb repeated Leviticus 24:19-20, Deuteronomy 28:63 ישׂישׂ כן ֗֗֗ שׂשׂ כאשׁר, Joshua 23:15; 1 Samuel 15:33; 26:24; 1 Kings 1:37; Isaiah 10:11; Jeremiah 5:19; 31:28; 32:42; 42:18; Ezekiel 12:11; 20:36; Zechariah 7:13; Proverbs 24:29; Numbers 14:28 כן דברתם כאשׁר לא אעשׂהאם, Isaiah 14:24, so after הלא 10:11, after asseverative כי 2 Samuel 3:9; 1 Kings 1:30; so שֶׁ ׳כָּלעֻֿמַּת כֵּן ֗֗֗ Ecclesiastes 5:15; (e) Judges 7:17b תעשׂון כן אעשׂה כאשׁר, Leviticus 27:14; Numbers 15:14, compare Jeremiah 39:12; (f) in similes, Deuteronomy 12:22; 22:26; Amos 3:12; Isaiah 65:8; Jeremiah 13:11.
d. ֗֗֗ כאשׁר כן, (a) Exodus 7:10 י צוה כאשׁר כן ׳ויעשׂו, 7:20; Joshua 4:8; 2 Samuel 5:25; Ezekiel 12:7, compare Genesis 50:12; Numbers 8:3; iron. Amos 5:14 י כן יהי ׳אמרתם כאשׁר אתּכם, Exodus 10:10; (b) Genesis 18:5 דברת כאשׁר תעשׂה כן, Nehemiah 5:12. — Occasionally in poetry כאשׁר is not expressed : Isaiah 54:9 (De), 55:9; Jeremiah 3:20; Job 7:9; Hosea 11:2 מפניהם הלכו כן להם קראו (of degree: so = in the same proportion), Psalm 48:6 תמהו כן ראו המה (i.e. in the same measure that they saw); Jeremiah 33:22 (according to many, but dubious; read probably כאשׁר Gie) it is represented by אשׁר (so Isaiah 54:9 Hi Ew Di): Judges 5:15 כ is not expressed. — Nahum 1:12 is probably corrupt; Zechariah 11:11 for עניי כן read כְּנַעֲנֵי. — כָּזֹאת כָּכָה, כֹּה, are synonyms, but differ considerably in usage.
3 With prepositions: —
a. מֵאַחֲרֵיכֵֿן אַחֲרֵיכֵֿן, אַחַרכֵּֿן,, literally after so, i.e. afterwards: see אַחַר.
b. בְּכֵן (late), literally in such circumstances, i.e. thereupon, then, Ecclesiastes 8:10; Esther 4:16 (בְּכֵין ᵑ7 often for אָז; e.g. Exodus 15:1; SyrJerusalem = τότε).
c. כֵּןכְּמוֺֿ Isaiah 51:6, according to some, like so, i.e. (Vrss Rabb) in like manner, or (De) like this (accompanied by a contemptuous gesture) = like a mere nothing: but see IV. כֵּן.
d. לָכֵן200 according to such conditions, that being so, therefore Numbers 16:11; 1 Samuel 27:6; Psalm 16:9; 73:6; 73:10; especially in prophets, where it often introduces, after statement of the grounds, a divine declaration or command: Judges 10:13; 2 Kings 1:6; Amos 4:12; Isaiah 5:13-14, 24; 7:14; 10:16; 16:7; 27:9; Jeremiah 6:15; 8:10 etc.; י אמר כה ׳לכן 2 Kings 21:12; Isaiah 10:24; 28:16; 29:22; 30:12; 37:33; Jeremiah 5:14; 6:21 + often; followed by האדון נאם Isaiah 1:24; י ׳נאם 1 Samuel 2:30; Jeremiah 2:9; י נאם באים ימים הנה ׳לכן 7:32; 16:14; 19:6 +; י נאם אני חי ׳לכן Ezekiel 5:11; 35:6, 11; Zephaniah 2:9; לכן ֗֗֗ הנני 1 Kings 14:10; Hosea 2:8; 2:16; Isaiah 29:14; Jeremiah 16:21; Ezekiel 16:37; 22:19; b 25:4, 7, 9 +; אֱמֹר לכן Exodus 6:6; Numbers 25:12 (both P), Ezekiel 11:16-17, 14:6; 20:30; 33:25; 36:22; דַּבֵּר לָכֵן 14:4; 20:27; הִנָּכֵא לָכֵן 11:4; 36:3, 6; 37:12; 38:14; . . . . שִׁמְעוּ לָכֵן Isaiah 28:14; 51:21; Jeremiah 6:18; 44:26 +. In answer to יען, Numbers 20:12 (P), 1 Kings 14:10; 2 Kings 1:16; 21:12; 22:20; Isaiah 29:14; 30:13; Jeremiah 19:6 +, Ezekiel 5:8; 13:23 +; so, once, וְלָכֵן Isaiah 8:7; to כי 28:16; Jeremiah 35:17; על 9:14; אם 23:38; 42:15. Special usages: — (a) idiomatic, in conversation, in reply to an objection, to state the ground upon which the answer is made; Genesis 4:15 therefore — this being so — whoso killeth Cain, etc., 30:15; Judges 8:7; 11:8; 1 Samuel 28:2; 1 Kings 22:19; Job 20:2 (ᵐ5 in Genesis Kings Job, not perceiving the idiom, renders οὐχοὕτως (as though לאכֿן): so also strangely, elsewhere, as 1 Samuel 3:14; 2 Kings 1:4, 6; 21:12). (b) inferring the cause from the effect, or developing what is logically involved in a statement, Isaiah 26:14b (compare De) therefore thou hast visited and destroyed them (not a consequence of va 'the dead rise not,' but the development of what is implicit in it), 61:7; Jeremiah 2:33; 5:2 (because namely אמונה אין 5:1), Job 34:25; 42:3. — Zechariah 11:7 read הַצּאֹן לִכְנַעֲנֵי.
e. עַדכֵּֿן hitherto (of time), as yet Nehemiah 2:16.
f. עַלכֵּֿן145 upon ground of such conditions, therefore (introducing, more Generally than לָכֵן, the statement of a fact, rather than a declaration: never used in the phrases noted under לָכֵן), Genesis 20:6; 42:21; Exodus 5:8, 17; 16:29; 20:11; 1 Samuel 20:29; 28:18; 2 Samuel 7:22, 27; 1 Kings 20:23; Isaiah 5:25; 9:16; 13:7, 13; 15:4, 7; 16:9, 11; 17:10; 21:3; Jeremiah 5:6, 27; 10:21; 12:8; 20:11; 31:3, 20; Ezekiel 7:20; 22:4; 31:5 etc., Psalm 1:5; 42:7; 45:3 c (the poet's inference from va. b), Psalm 1:8; 110:7; Job 6:3; 9:22; 17:4; 20:21 etc., Song of Solomon 1:3; and regularly where the origin of a name, or custom, or proverb is assigned, Genesis 2:24 וג אישׁ יעזב ׳עלכֿן, 10:9 יֵאָמַ֔רעלכֿן, 11:9 בבל שׁמה קרא עלכֿן, 16:14; 19:22; 21:31; 25:30; 26:33; 29:34; 29:35; 30:6; Genesis 32:33; 47:22; Exodus 13:15; 15:23; Numbers 18:24; 21:14, 27; Deuteronomy 10:9 (compare 15:11, 15; 19:7; 24:18, 22), Joshua 7:26; 14:14; Judges 15:19; 18:12; 1 Samuel 5:5; 10:12; 23:28 (? read so 27:6) 2 Samuel 5:8, 20 etc.; הַעַלכֵּֿן Habakkuk 1:17. — Esther 9:26 the 2nd כן על (unless dittograph) points unusually onwards to דברי כל האגרתעל on this account, on account, namely, etc.
II. כֵּן see כון; III. כֵּן see I. כנן; IV. כֵּן see II. כנן. p. 467, below
adverb thus, as follows (Biblical Hebrew כֵּן; כֵּן ᵑ7, Syriac ); — usually with אֲמַר (אָמַ, etc.; compare Egyptian Aramaic CISii. 149 A 1, B-C 3 RÉS492B 5), Daniel 2:24 אֲמַרלֵֿהּ וְכֵן, 2:25; 4:11; 6:7; 7:5, 23; Ezra 5:3; 6:2 בְּגַוַּהּ תִיב וְכֵןכְּֿ.